HISTORICAL BACK GROUND: Antibiotics are chemicals when the chemical are put into the body, they stop the growth of kinds of germs. They help the body to fight diseases. More than 3,000 years ago ancient people stumbled over the discovery that some moulds could be used as a cure. The egyptians, the chinese, and indians of central American would use mold to treat rashes and infected would. At that time they didn’t understand either diseases or treatm...

ABSTRCT: The experiment was carried out to analyze comparatively coal and coconut activated carbon.  The coal sample used in bituminous and with density of 1300kg 1m3 tile coconut shell was used. The coal and coconut shell was first activated using phosphoric acid.  The activated coal and coconut carbons mere then used to bleach palm oil after preliminary treatment of the palm oil.

The 10 dine value, saponification value, peroxid...

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study: Medication adherence remains a critical challenge in healthcare systems globally, including Nigeria. Inadequate adherence to prescribed medication regimens can lead to treatment failure, disease progression, increased healthcare costs, and a higher burden of morbidity and mortality (Sabaté, 2013). In the context of N...

ABSTRACT

Background: The possibility of an association between the use of protease inhibitors (PI) by HIV/AIDS patients and the occurrence of T2DM mellitus (T2DM) is largely debated. Medicare recipients are disproportionally affected by T2DM. Unfortunately, evidence is unavailable from that particular segment of the population. Clinical management of HIV/AIDS is progressively expanding to include chronic/metabolic complications, which may pose a significant economic...

ABSTRACT

Resveratrol is a potent antioxidant found abundantly in grapes and in lesser quantities in peanuts, fruits and other food items. Dozens of reports have shown that resveratrol prevents or slows the progression of a wide variety of illnesses including cancer (colon and melanoma). The aim of this experiment was to investigate the ameliorative effect of resveratrol on lead-induced organ toxicity in wistar rats. The study employed wistar rats (150 - 250 g) which were administere...

ABSTRACT

Aphrodisiac activity of Cissus populnea was assessed using physical, biochemical and psychological methods. Rats were randomized into five groups of six rats. The first group received normal saline (10ml/kg), the second, third and fourth groups received extract doses of 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg respectively while the fifth group received 5mg/kg of sildenafil citrate orally for 28 days. On the 24th day, the effect of the root extract of Cissus populnea (CPRE) on moun...

ABSTRACT

The incidence and mortality from breast cancer in Nigeria is on the increase. The health care system in Nigeria is overburdened by the task of providing proper treatment and care to breast cancer patients. Preventative strategies in the fight against breast cancer have not been fully adopted. Anti-cancer drugs are not readily available and are expensive. This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic protocol used in the management of breast cancer in a N...

ABSTRACT

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in adults globally. Type 2 diabetes is a disease associated with a huge burden of medication non-adherence due to complex regimens leading to complications that further increase morbidity and mortality among this population. The aim of this study was to assess medication adherence and the impact of mobile phone short message service (SMS) reminders on clinical outcome among type 2 diabetic patients in IBB Spec...

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa has experienced a tremendous increase due to low awareness, treatment and control rates. Despite the scientific and medical advancements, many people are not aware that they have the disease, and fewer than half of those who are aware are adequately treated, thereby leading to increased morbidity and mortality due to complications such as stroke, ischaemic heart disease and renal failure. Non-adherence to antihypertensive...

ABSTRACT

The plant Andropogon gayanus is employed in herbal medicine for the treatment of various disease conditions. The dried root of the plant is soaked in milk and taken for the treatment of postpartum pain and bronchitis in North-west Nigeria. In this study the methanol root extract of the plant was screened for phytochemical constituents followed by acute toxicity studies in mice and rats. Analgesic activity was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice, hot pl...

ABSTRACT

Erythrophleumivorense isused in traditional medicine for the treatment of convulsion, swellings, body pain and as emetic agents. There is a dearth of scientific information in support of the traditional claims. This study was therefore designed to investigate the analgesic, anti- inflammatory and anticonvulsant properties of the methanol extract and fractions ofErythrophleumivorense.

Fresh Stem bark of E. ivorense was air dried,ground to powdery form and was extra...

ABSTRACT

The herbalists in several African Countries have used Rothmannia longiflora decoctions as febrifugal and analgesic agent. The present study examined the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and toxicological profile of the methanolic extract of the plant in experimental animals.

The preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanolic leaf extract of R.longiflora was carried out and revealed the presence of cardiac glycoside, steroids/terpenoids, tannins, saponins, flavo...

ABSTRACT

Synthetic analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs have major side effects such as constipation, nausea and vomiting, sedation and mental clouding, etc.,which have significantly limited their use.There is therefore, an intensification of search for newer analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents from the huge array of medicinal plant resources with better efficacy and fewer side effect profiles. Medicinal plants such as Olax subscorpioidea have been used traditionally for the man...

ABSTRACT

The beginning of the 20th century witnessed the epidemic of nutritional rickets among children in many countries of Asia, North America, Northern Europe and Africa. Nutritional rickets remain a problem in developing countries despite a decline in the prevalence of the condition in developed countries. Prevalence of rickets among infants and young children is high in Nigeria and in Gonin-Gora, Jankasa and Kaso in particular. It was therefore imperative to evaluate some bioch...

ABSTRACT

Medicinal plants contain active ingredients with therapeutic values. Helianthus annuus L (Asteraceae) commonly referred to as “sunflower” has been reportedly used in managing and treating some ailments over the years. This study investigated the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial effects of the crude extracts of Helianthus annuus seeds on Salmonella spp and Eschericha coli. The phytochemical screening of the methanolic and ethanolic crude extracts revealed the p...

ABTRACT

Many bacterial species have been reported to develop resistance to antibiotics commonly prescribed for respiratory tract infections. Therefore, the need to search for natural products for remedy of this problem cannot be overemphasized.

One hundred and eighty (180) specimens were collected from throat (68) and ear swabs (57) as well as sputum (55) from patients with respiratory tract infection in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Nigeria. Isolation a...

ABSTRACT

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection of human being and if untreated could lead to serious complications. This study was conducted to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of uropathogens from patients in two hospitals in Birnin kudu, Jigawa State, Nigeria. In this study, the antibiotic resistance profile and the plasmid profile of some multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from urine samples of patients from Birnin kudu community in North-...

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial drug resistance is a global challenge with the emergence of resistant bacterial strains worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of E. coli in ABUTH Shika, Zaria (from March 2011 to February 2012), their antibiotics susceptibility pattern, molecular characterization and possible presence of E. coli serotype O157:H7. Clinical isolates of E. coli from inpatients and outpatients were collected and cultured on eosin methylene blue to obtain p...

ABSTRACT

Milk contamination with antibiotic resistant bacteria can be a major threat to public health, as the antibiotic resistant determinants can be transferred to other pathogenic bacteria potentially compromising the treatment of severe bacterial infections. This study was conducted to investigate the antibiotics susceptibility of bacterial isolates frompackaged milks marketed in Zaria. Two hundred packaged milk samples were bought from five locations (forty samples from each) i...

ABSTRACT

Diospyros mespiliformis hochst (Ebenaceae) known in English as ebony is a plant that is found throughout West Africa. The Plant was reported to have wide ethnomedical application notably in fever, whooping cough, wounds, pneumonia, syphilis, leprosy and epilepsy among others. This study examined the anticonvulsant activity of its methanol leaf extract in mice and day old chicks against pentylenetetrazole, maximal electroshock, strychnine and 4 amino pyridine induced seizure...

ABSTRACT

Cassia siamea is a shrub belonging to the Fabaceae family, native of Southeast Asia. The plant is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat hypertension, malaria and diabetes. Due to the easy cultivation of the plant, its widespread and also remarkable biological activities, Cassia siamea has become a worldwide medicine. The study was conducted to assess the anticonvulsant potential of the methanol extract of Cassia siamea (CSME) and its fractions (EAF, NBF and RAF) us...

Abstract

The field of antiepileptic drug development has become dynamic, affording many promising research opportunities. Continued efforts are being made in the development of antiepileptic drugs employing a range of strategies, including modification of the structures of existing drugs, targeting novel molecular substrates and non-mechanism- based drug screening. This research is aimed at conducting anticonvulsant studies on three synthesized dichloro-substituted phenyl propanamid...

ABSTRACT

LaggeraauritaLinn. belongs to the family of Asteraceae. It is an annual herb which is found growing as weeds in Nigeria and spread throughout the sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, Laggeraaurita is used asa remedy for pediatric malaria and in the management of epilepsy in Niger state, Nigeria Safiya, M, (personal communication, October 10, 2014). The study was conducted to evaluate the anticonvulsant potential of the methanol leaf extract of Laggeraaurita(LAME) using pentylene...

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus and its complications continue to be one of the highest causes of morbidity and mortality in recent times. Although many drugs are commercially available for use in the management of diabetes, their side effects and high costs underscore the need for new drugs. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. (Fabaceae) is among the plants used in the management of diabetes in the tropics. The antidiabetic and ameliorative effects of the seed ethanolic extract of M. pruriens on a...

Abstract

Irvingia wombolu is one of the herbal plants used as food for its nutritional values. It is also used as medicinal plant in the south-south and south-eastern part of Nigeria for the management of diarrhoea and other ailments. Although these medicinal plants are believed to be harmless with their utilization, scarcity of scientific evidence on the claimed pharmacological activities of this plant is an issue of concern. This study was aimed at evaluating the antidiarrhoeal an...

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of the methanol stem bark extract of   Hymenocardia acida in some laboratory animals. They methanol stem bark extract of Hymenocardia acida (MEHA) was prepared from the freshly collected stem bark of the plant. The stem bark was collected from Galadimawa village, Giwa local government area of Kaduna State. The plant material was identified and authenticated by a botanist in the herbarium...

ABSTRACT

The plant Combretum hypopilinum has been used in traditional medicine to treat diarrhoea and other gastrointestinal diseases. This study aimed to investigate the antidiarrhoeal activity and toxicity profile of the methanol leaf extract of Combretum hypopilinum (MECH) in mice and rats. The phytochemical screening was conducted and the oral median lethal dose (LD50) was determined using standard methods. Antidiarrhoeal activity of MECH (250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg) was evaluated...

ABSTRACT

Yam tubers are prone to infestation by microorganism at all stages of growth and in storage. This rot reduces the quality of yam and affects food security. Pseudomonas fluorescens possess varieties of promising antifungal properties through production of secondary metabolites which makes it a biocontrol agent against many phyto-pathogens. In this study, the antifungal activities of metabolite produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated in Zaria was evaluated. Rhizosphere s...

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which affects about 346 million people globally. Synthetic antidiabetic agents are expensive and also associated with side effects. In a bid to develop cheaper and safer antidiabetic agents, this study was carried out to determine the effect of the methanol tuber extract of Chlorophytumalismifolium.It is used in folkloric medicine for the treatment of diabetes and bacterial infections. The dried powdered tubers was extracted using s...

ABSTRACT

About half of Nigerian population experience at least one episode of malaria per year, resulting in high morbidity and mortality and loss of economic value. Retrospective study of the profile of malarial patients and the antimalarial drugs prescribed at Umaru Musa Yaradua memorial Hospital, Sabon-Wuse, Niger State, Nigeria were undertaken. The Plasmodium species among the malarial patients were also studied. The susceptibility of the predominant species to the prescribed an...

ABSTRACT

About half of Nigerian population experience at least one episode of malaria per year, resulting in high morbidity and mortality and loss of economic value. Retrospective study of the profile of malarial patients and the antimalarial drugs prescribed at Umaru Musa Yaradua memorial Hospital, Sabon-Wuse, Niger State, Nigeria were undertaken. The Plasmodium species among the malarial patients were also studied. The susceptibility of the predominant species to the prescribed an...

ABSTRACT

The process for the development of a reliable and ecofriendly metallic nanoparticle (NP) is an important step in biomedical application of nano technology. Zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnONps) and silver nanoparticle (AgNps) is gaining attention in nanobiomedical due to their biocompatibility and antimicrobial activities. Therefore this study is aimed at evaluating the ecological synthesis of zinc oxide, silver doped silver and zinc oxide nanoparticle plus their antimicrobial p...

ABSTRACT

Acacia niloticais a multipurpose plant belonging to the family Mimosaceae. Commonly known as Prickly acacia in English and Bagaruwa in Hausa, It has medicinal properties which include antimalaria, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, etc. Traditionally, the pods are used for stomach disorder, foot and mouth disease, sore throat, dysentery, among others. This research was aimed at isolating from the pod of this plant and testing for its antimicrobial activity which...

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in mastitic cows in southern part of Kano State of Nigeria. A total of two hundred and thirty four (234) milk and swab samples were collected from six (6) local government areas of Kano State in northern part of Nigeria. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from samples and identified using standard microbiological procedures. The antimicrobial susceptibility of th...

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in mastitic cows in southern part of Kano State of Nigeria. A total of two hundred and thirty four (234) milk and swab samples were collected from six (6) local government areas of Kano State in northern part of Nigeria. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from samples and identified using standard microbiological procedures. The antimicrobial susceptibility of th...

ABSTRACT

Urinary tract infections is one of the common infectious diseases diagnosed both in community and hospital settings. Due to rising antibiotic resistance among the uropathogens, it is important to have (local) community and hospital-based knowledge of the organisms implicated and their susceptibility pattern to choose correct treatment regime. This study was conceived with the objective to investigate the causative organisms, theirantimicrobial susceptibility profile, and mo...

ABSTRACT

This study was undertaken to highlight the detection and susceptibility of some bacterial associated with quail eggs. Quail egg shells from some farms in Kaduna State were screened for incidence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella species and Pasturella species using standard microbiological procedure. The isolates were screened for their susceptibility to a panel of ten commonly prescribed antibiotics using disc diffusion method as described by Clinical Laboratory Standard Ins...

ABSTRACT

The leaf of Mitracarpusvillosus (Sw.) DC. (Rubiaceae) is used in West African folk medicine for the management of a plethora of stress-related diseases including headaches and toothaches. In this study, preliminary phytochemical analysis of the ethylacetateleaf extract of Mitracarpusvillosus and its fractions were conducted. Vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC), column chromatography (CC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) using solvents of varying polarities were employed t...

ABSTRACT

Securinega virosa (SV) is a widely used plant in traditional medicine. The root is used as an aphrodisiac in north western Nigeria. The aim of the study was to provide pharmacological rationale for the ethnomedical use of the root of Securinega virosa as aphrodisiac as well as to establish its general male reproductive effects. A total of twenty four male wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each (n=6), and used to assess the aphrodisiac potenti...

ABSTRACT

Oral health can be a good indicator of general health and has been linked to systemic diseases, therefore, maintaining good oral hygiene is important. Oral infections are polymicrobial with dental caries and periodontal disease being the major oral conditions affecting the public. A retrospective study on patients with orodontal conditions in the dental clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Medical Centre, Zaria between January 1st, 2015 and December 31st, 2017 was performed. T...

ABSTRACT

The inappropriate use of antibiotics in children predisposes them to the adverse effects of these drugs. So it is important to carry out drug use study in children in order optimize antibiotic use. The aim of this study was to assess the utilization pattern of antibiotics in Hasiya Bayero Paediatric Hospital, Kano state, Nigeria. Prescriptions issued to outpatients were collected prospectively and used to assess the World Health Organization (WHO) core drug use indicators b...

ABSTRACT

With the national prevalence of 5.0% in Nigeria, HIV infections have become one of the most dreadly medical challenges. Availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has given a new hope of living with somewhat terminal syndrome. The availability, affordability and effective usage of antiretrovirals in Kano (North West Nigeria) was studied to provide a data for compliance study with the National Standard Treatment Guideline (STG) and also for comparison with...

ABSTRACT

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy is the significant presence of bacteria in the urine of pregnant women without the clinical symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). This study was designed to highlight the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in Kano, Nigeria. Samples of urine were randomly obtained from 310 women attending antenatal clinics in 3 major hospitals. These were subjected to microbiological and cultural tests. The bacteria isolated...

ABSTRACT

Bacteriological analysis of the water samples such as heterotrophic counts, coliform counts, Faecal Coliform/Faecal Streptococci (FC/FS) ratio were carried out following standard procedures. Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive Staphylococcal species were identified using ID 32E and Microbact 12S kits respectively. Susceptibility of the isolates to ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, erythromycin, gentamicin, amoxycillin/clavulinate, cloxacillin, ampicillin, ciproflox...

ABSTRACT

Ficus vallis choudae is a plant widely spread in tropical Africa including Nigeria. It is said to be of value in ethnomedicine especially in the treatment of jaundice, gastrointestinal problems, giddiness and epilepsy. The anticonvulsant activity of methanol stem bark extract of Ficus vallis was studied in mice and two-day old cockrels. This study was conducted using three models; pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure test, maximal electroshock seizure test and 4-aminopyridine...

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the biofilm-forming bacteria implicated in infections such as, urinary tract infections, medical device infections, middle ear infections, cystic fibrosis, wounds etc. that pose serious threat to patients, resulting in prolong hospital stay, morbidity and high mortality, with ultimate economic burden and retardation of antibiotics effectiveness. This study determined the biofilm production potential and antimicrobial resistance pattern in is...

ABSTRACT

Biofilm Production on surfaces (animate and inanimate object) by microorganisms has become a major concern now in medical settings since it poses threat of induction and spread of resistance among pathogens. Uropathogens as associated with catheterization, ureter and bladder surfaces is of a major interest as far as biofilm production is concerned. This study determined the biofilm production and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of uropathogens isolated from Ahmadu Bello U...

ABSTRACT

The exudatefrom cashew tree, referred to as cashew gum (CG) had been investigated for use as binder in conventional tablet formulations. In this study,-clinroksesd derivatives of

the gum were synthesized and invgeastei d for their physicochemical anpdhysicotechnicla

properties and applicability in modifying drug release in tablet formulations. The crude dried latexes of CG were purified by extraction using acetoTnwe.o cross-linked derivatives of

ABSTRACT

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is now a threat to both the hospitalized patients and community globally. This work was aimed at detecting molecularly, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from the orthopaedic patients in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. Conventional biochemical methods were used to identify the isolates while API STAPH identification test kit further characterized the isolates to species level. The suscep...

ABSTRACT

Honeybee Propolis from Apis mellifera (Linn), has been used in ethno medicine as an emollient in the treatment of ringworm, measles, chickenpox and with reported biological activities, such as antitumor, antioxidant, immunomodulatory action and anti-inflammatory action among other ailments, was subjected to chemical and biological studies.

The chemical techniques employed were column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. The antioxidant activit...

ABSTRACT

Diabetic complications pose increasing public health problems worldwide. Glimepiride, a sulphonylurea is among the most frequently used anti-diabetic drugs, and is often combined with other drugs for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker is recommended for its role in mitigating microvascular complications especially in delaying the onset of diabetic nephropathy. Interaction between both drugs leads to regimen failure when simulta...

1.1BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In the last few decades, industrial wastewater and effluent treatment gained much importance. This is not unconnected with increased concern about the environmental quality. The presence of contaminants in some water bodies used for domestic and industrial processes and coupled with the strict national and international regulations on water pollution makes it imperative that industrial wastewater should be treated prior to discharge to water bodies and env...

ABSTRACT

Tinea capitis is a fungal infection of the scalp and hair caused by dermatophytes. It occurs in all age groups but predominantly found in children. The antifungal activities such as MIC, MFC and rate of kill of fluconazole, terbinafine, lauric acid and sodium propionate alone and in admixture against dermatophyte isolates from school children with tinea capitis in L. E. A. primary school, Mando, Kaduna, Nigeria were assessed.

T. mentagrophyte, T. tonsuran, T. rubr...

ABSTRACT

The comparative bioavailabilities (bioequivalence) of five generic brands of paracetamol were compared in six (6) healthy male volunteers. The aim was to study whether the generic brands are bioequivalent to the standard brand.

The study was carried out following oral administration of 1g of each brand after wash-out period of two weeks. The concentration of paracetamol in the saliva samples were determined using UV – spectrophotometer. The pharmacokinetic p...

ABSTRACT

Multisource pharmaceutical products are intended to be pharmaceutically equivalent or pharmaceutical alternatives that are bioequivalent and hence are therapeutically equivalent and interchangeable. Thutsh,is study was aimed actarrying out a comparativien-vitro and

in-vivo bioequivalence studies of some brands of Metronidazole (200 mg) tablets marketed in Zaria, Nigeria. BP 2002 method was use for the assessment of the pharmaceutical and chemical equivalences of t...

ABSTRACT

Comparative bioequivalence studies of six selected brands of ciprofloxacin tablets was successfully conducted. In-vitro quality control studies were carried out on six randomly selected brands of ciprofloxacin to establish identity, weight uniformity, friability, crushing strength, disintegration, dissolution and assay according to BP 2002 and 2009.

Cheap, simple and available method of analysis of ciprofloxacin in saliva sample was developed by U.V Spectrophotome...

ABSTRACT

This study was aimed at assessing the comparative bioavailability of six brands of ofloxacin marketed in Zaria.

Comparative bioavailability studies of six brands of ofloxacin marketed in Zaria was successfully conducted. Quality assessment was conducted on the randomly selected six brands of ofloxacin marketed in Zaria. Identification test, assay, weight variation, friability, disintegration time and dissolution rate were determined according to BP 2009. Cheap, si...

ABSTRACT

Health care professionals are faced with a large number of multisource products from which therapeutically equivalent products are being selected for various reasons. Consequently, an increased availability and use of generic products has been seen during the last four decades. Like most drugs, various brands of tinidazole tablets are available in Nigeria. This research was aimed at conducting an in-vitro bioequivalence studies on different samples of tinidazole tablets usi...

ABSTRACT

Vernonia amygdalinaDel. andV. kotschyanaSch. Bip.(Asteraceaea) re respectivelyshrub  or treeand annual herbfound commonly in tropical and subtropical countrieTsh. ey are employed  in  ethn-omedicine  in  the  treatment  of  many  ailmentasmely  stomach  ache, gingivitis, rheumatisms, chistosomiasis, fevers ancodugh, which are associated with pains and inflammation.sMacroscopic, microscocp,ichemo-microscopic, quantitativ...

ABSTRACT

Metronidazole is an antibacterial and antiprotozoal drug used in the treatment of amebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis and other microbial diseases. It is an essential drug commonly found in Nigerian market and has so many generics and dosage forms under various trade names by different manufacturers. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the in-vitro bioequivalence of branded and generic metronidazole tablet in three different physiological media (pH 1.2, 4...

ABSTRACT.

The ascorbic acid content of mineral ascorbate and six brands of ascorbic acid tablets marketed in Zaria with brand names Calcium ascorbate, Ascorbion, Emvit C, Ascorvite, Topcee, Bioracee and Sofa C respectively were comparatively evaluated using four methods. These include titrimetric method of British pharmacopoiea 2009, sodium thiosulphate titrimetric method, Ultra violet spectrophotometric method employing stabilizers and a newly developed 2,4- dinitrophenyl hydrazine...

ABSTRACT

Comparative in vitro bioequivalence study of biopharmaceutics class I and III drugs hadgained prominence in recent times. In vitro bioequivalence offered many benefits compared to conventional in-vivobioequivalence studies, due to its reduced cost and time of product release as well as avoiding unnecessary use of human volunteers.This study is aimedat evaluating and comparing the in vitro bioequivalence of branded and generic amoxicillin capsules available in Dutse, Jigawa...

ABSTRACT

Solanum incanum Linn. and Solanum melongena Linn (Solanaceae) are both shrubs or trees found in the sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. Both are called „gauta‟ among the Hausa community of Northern Nigeria and „Tarku‟ among the Bura/Babar speaking people of Southern Borno of North Eastern Nigeria. They are widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of pain related illnesses such as sore throat, angina, stomach-ache, colic, headache, painful menstr...

ABSTRACT

Comparison of the effects of a single oral dose of cimetidine and propantheline on the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol were studied with paracetamol (1g) administered alone, concurrently with cimetidine (400mg), delay (1 hour) with cimetidine (400mg), concurrently with paracetamol (15mg) and delay (1 hour) with propantheline (15mg) respectively. Paraetamol concentration was measured in saliva of 8 healthy male, non-smokers and non-alcoholic volunteers. A log data and AUC cu...

ABSTRACT

The influence of Cimetidine (400 mg) and Diazepam (5 mg) on the pharmacokinetics of oral paracetamol (1000 mg) was studied and compared in eight (8) healthy human under two (2) protocols; concomitant and delayed administration of paracetamol. Subjects received one treatment at each of the five sessions with a 2 weeks wash out period in-between. Paracetamol alone was used as control. This was compared with concomitant administration with Cimetidine and then delayed (l hour l...

ABSTRACT

Comparison of the effects of cimetidine and methyldopa were studied in 5 phases: via phase I, ingestion of paracetamol 1g alone, phase II, administration of paracetamol 1g and cimetidine 400mg concurrently, phase III administration of cimetidine 400mg followed by paracetamol 1g after an hour, phase IV, ingestion of paracetamol 1g and methyldopa 250mg concomitantly, phase V, administration of methyldopa 250mg followed by paracetamol 1g an hour after. The protocol involves 8...

ABSTRACT

The influence of cimetidine (400mg) and Tramadol (100mg) on the disposition of oral single dose (1g) Paracetamol was studied and compared in 8 healthy human volunteers under two protocols; concomitant and delayed paracetamol administration.

Subjects received one treatment at each of five sessions 2wk apart. Ingestion of Paracetamol (1g) alone was used as control and compared with paracetamol concentration on concomitant (with tramadol (100mg) and then cimetidine (...

ABSTRACT

Population growth and industrialization of the world has dramatically increased the overall environmental load of heavy metals. The effects of pollution by heavy metals are not only an environmental problem but also a public health matter. In this study, raw water samples were collected from two sites (A and B) along river Kubanni, two sites (C and D) along river Galma and also at Zaria Dam (site E) all in Zaria, Nigeria. Vegetable samples (lettuce and tomato) were also col...

ABSTRACT

To improve patient compliance and ensure better success in the management of HIV, spansule technology was employed to formulate controlled release dosage drug. Generic forms of seven of the most commonly used Anti-retro viral (ARV) drugs (didanosine, indinavir, lamivudine, nelfinavir, nevirapine, stavudine and zidovudine) and their clinically approved  combinations  were  used  in  this  study.  Calculated daily dose was divided into one l...

ABSTRACT

Daniellia oliveri is one of the most extensively utilized medicinal plants; it is a tree all of whose parts are used in Nigeria and some West African countries for the treatment of various ailments example the root is used as chewing stick. In the bid to standardize this plant, pharmacognostic and biological (anti-Candida) studies were carried out on its root and root bark.   The anatomical and powdered samples of the root and root bark of D. oliveri were investig...

Abstract

Carissa edulis and Senna alata are plants found in Nigeria and some other tropical countries. In Nigeria, C. edulis and S. alata are used for the treatment of various ailments and diseases. In traditional medicine C. edulis is used for the treatment of skin infections, abdominal problems, headache and sexually transmitted diseases, while S. alata is also used in the treatment of several infections such as ringworm, parasitic skin diseases, convulsion, gonorrhoea, heart fail...

ABSTRACT

The concept of co-processing as a particle engineering technique has been used as a tool to improve the functionality of many existing excipients. This study was designed to improve the functionality of cassava starch as excipient for direct compression by co- processing with gelatin and colloidal silicon dioxide.

The Design of Experiment (DoE) approach was employed to optimize the percentage ratios of the primary excipients for the co-processed excipient. Fourtee...

ABSTRACT

Inspired by the previous findings on the structural requirements needed for good antimalarial activity by chalcones against Plasmodium proteases, seventeen chalcone derivatives were designed and synthesized using Claisen-Schmidt condensation of appropriate aldehydes and methyl ketones. The structures of these compounds were established using various spectroscopic techniques. Based on SciFinder search the compounds; P1, P2, P3, and P8 are new compounds not listed on any chem...

ABSTRACT

The beginning of the 20th century witnessed the epidemic of nutritional rickets among children in many countries of Asia, North America, Northern Europe and Africa. It was observed that a low dietary intake of calcium among rural children is a major contributor to rickets disease. Nutritional rickets remain a problem in many countries of the world despite a decline in the prevalence of the condition in many developed countries. Prevalence of rickets remain high in Nigeria a...

ABSTRACT

The level of some trace elements including cadmium, cobalt, copper and iron in water and vegetable samples of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata); lettuce (lactuca sativa L); maize (zea mays); okra (Abelmoschus esculent L ); onion (Alium spp) and spinach(Amarantus spp) along the banks of Galma and Kubanni rivers in zaria were determined during the rainy and dry seasons,(June to August 2005 and January to March 2006 respectively), by Atomic Absorption S...

ABSTRACT

In 2010, the world’s attention was drawn to Zamfara State, Nigeria following the ‘unprecedented’ death reported (particularly of children) as a result of lead poisoning in the process of small scale gold mining of lead-rich ore using rudimentary tools. This study was aimed at a wholistic assessment of lead levels in the affected communities. Lead (Pb) levels were determined from samples of residential compound soil, underground and surface water, common gr...

ABSTRACT

In 2010, the world’s attention was drawn to Zamfara State, Nigeria following the ‘unprecedented’ death reported (particularly of children) as a result of lead poisoning in the process of small scale gold mining of lead-rich ore using rudimentary tools. This study was aimed at a wholistic assessment of lead levels in the affected communities. Lead (Pb) levels were determined from samples of residential compound soil, underground and surface water, common gr...

ABSTRACT

Most people administer herbal preparations of different types without considering their side effects. Six sites were selected for the study based on the frequency of consumption. The areas were Kofar Doka, Danmagaji, Tudunwada, Sabongari, Kwangila and Samaru. Five different samples were randomly collected from each area of the study. Wet digestion method was employed to obtain clear solution of the sample. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric technique was used to quantify...

Abstract

The increasing levels of environmental pollution by toxic metals from various sources have generated a great concern on their impact on human health. Rapid developments, increase in mining activities, farming, insurgency, industrial activities and waste disposals have gradually redistributed many of the toxic metals from the earth crust to the environment, raising the chances of exposure through ingestion, inhalation or skin contact. This study is aimed at determining the c...

ABSTRACT

Co-processed excipients are a mixture of two or more existing excipients at subparticle level. These multipurpose excipients have significantly reduced the number of incorporating excipients in the tablet. The aim of this work is to design and prepare a co- processed excipient from acid hydrolyzed cassava starch, gelatin and lactose and evaluate its functionality in tablet formulations. Native cassava starch (NCS) extracted from cassava tubers ( Mannihot esculenta crantz )...

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease which is on increase since emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leading to TB/HIV co infection, causing complications and treatment failure. Isoniazid is a first line drug for the treatment of TB therefore it is important to develop methods that will monitor its quality. In this study, four rapid, simple, relatively accurate, and precise spectrophotometric methods for the quantitative determination of isoniazid in...

ABSTRACT

Two simple, sensitive, accurate and extraction-free spectrophotometric methods were developed and described for the determination of risperidone in pure and in tablet dosage forms. The methods are based on the formation of ion-pair complex between risperidone and the dyes bromocresol green in method A and thymol blue in method B at room temperature to form yellow coloured products having absorption maxima at 414 nm and 404 nm respectively. The composition of the ion-pairs w...

ABSTRACT

In this study three rapid, simple, accurate, economical and reproducible spectrophotometric methods for the quantitative determination of lamivudine in pure form and tablet formulations were developed and validated. The first method is based on dissolution of standard lamivudine powder or extraction of the drug from tablet formulation using methanol as solvent. The resulting extract was filtered and scanned using Helios Zeta Model 164617 UV/Vis spectrophotometer; having a &...

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to improve the disintegration functionality of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as a direct compression excipient in tablet formulation by co- processing MCCwith crospovidone (CPV), a superdisintegrant. Design of Experiment (DoE) approach was adopted to optimize the composition of the co-processed excipient (CPE). The optimized CPE containing MCC (99 %) and CPV (1 %) was prepared using wet massing technique. Solid-state properties of CPE were charac...

ABSTRACT

Spondias mombin belongs to the family Anacardiacae. All parts of the tree are reported to be medicinally useful. The fruit juice is drunk as a diuretic and febrifuge. The main aim of the study is to determine the diuretic activity and toxicity of methanol stem bark extract of Spondias mombin.

The plant was collected, authenticated, and studied in Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Adult albino rats of Wistar strain of eith...

ABSTRACT

Sickle cell diseases (SCD) have numerous complications which vary widely among patients making drug treatment difficult. In addition, SCDs are associated with deficiencies in some micronutrients; supplementation of which may ameliorate some of the complications and contribute to existing drug management strategies. The drug utilisation of 45 SCD patients in crises and 45 SCD patients in steady state in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital (Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital,...

1.1BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Computerization is defined as the control of processes by computers and its peripherals. Today it would be difficult to think of any process, business or action that could not have profited from the numerous benefits of the computer system. Controlling process or devices with computer started long ago since the invention of computer. In the 20th century inventors tried to make processes easier with the use of computers. Secondly computerization has been greatl...

Abstract

The cellular immunity is often suppressed by infection, disease conditions and drug medication that are in continous association with mankind. Combretum micranthum is a plant known for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and various other properties of immune boosting activity. The Plant extract was assessed for its ability to protect from tissue destruction. The aqueous ethanol leaf extract was screened for previously reported phytoconstituents; Lorke,s metho...

ABSTRACT

Acetaminophen or paracetamol is an analgesic and anti-pyretic agent widely used for treatment of headaches, minor pains and in combination with other medications like cold remedies and opoid analgesics. Individuals with headaches and minor pains tend to use paracetamol with caffeine combinations than paracetamol alone in their treatment due to faster relief. However, the pharmacokinetic rationale for use is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of...

ABSTRACT

Cisplatin is a non-cell-cycle dependent chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of several common solid tumours. However, an array of serious toxicities in various organs and systems limit its therapeutic use. Artesunate, a semisynthetic derivative of artemisinin is the recommended treatment by the WHO for severe and complicated malaria in low-transmission areas and in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. In contrast, animal experiments show considerable toxic...

ABSTRACT

Acetaminophen or paracetamol is an analgesic and anti-pyretic agent widely used for treatment of headaches, minor pains and in combination with other medications like cold remedies and opoid analgesics. Individuals with headaches and minor pains tend to use paracetamol with caffeine combinations than paracetamol alone in their treatment due to faster relief. However, the pharmacokinetic rationale for use is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of...

Abstract

Nigeria has the second highest HIV/AIDS burden in the world with an estimated 3,391,546 people living with HIV and AIDS; an estimated 239,155 people acquired new infections in 2013; and about 174,253 people died from AIDS related illness (s) in 2014. HIV infection causes a chronic disease that progresses from stage one (seroconversion or asymptomatic) to stage four (advanced disease/AIDS) over a median period of 5 years. The course of the HIV infection is characterized by a...

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to evaluate the neurobehavioural patterns, cognitive functions and haemato-biochemical changes following the administration of carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (PHE) and their combination. Forty, apparently healthy adult male Albino rats weighing between 144 and 300 g were divided into four groups of 10 animals each and used for the experiment. Group I (control) were administered distilled water per os at the dose rate of 10 mls/kg and they served as...

ABSTRACT

Malaria is increasingly a health burden globally with children under the age of 5 and pregnant women being the most vulnerable. Several antimalarials are available in the market today however; the safety data in pregnancy is inadequate especially the first trimester of pregnancy. The study was carried out in both pregnant and non-pregnant wistar rats to evaluate the effect of these antimalarial drugs on the oestrous cycle as well as on the uterine smooth muscle contractilit...

ABSTRACT

Ascorbic acid is a vitamin commonly used in the treatment of common cold and scurvy. It interacts with some drugs during absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, in the systemic circulation or during metabolism in the liver. However, interaction between ascorbic acid and chlorpheniramine has hitherto not been reported.

Six healthy adult male volunteers took part in this research. The average age of the volunteers is

24.33 ± 0.71 years and avera...

ABSTRACT

Malaria is the 2nd leading cause of death from infectious diseases in Africa, after HIV/AIDS. It is a major public health problem in Nigeria where it accounts for most cases of hospital visits and deaths than any other country in the world. This study evaluated the effects of co- administration of promethazine and Artemether-Lumenfantrine in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei berghei. The mice were grouped into six groups of 6 mice each. Group 2 – 6 were inoculated...

ABSTRACT

Incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with its resultant complications continue to be on the increase. The outcome of management is highly dependent on efficacy, safety and suitability of medicines used concomitantly. An aspect of efficacy/safety that is of growing importance is that of drug-herb interactions. The co-administration of Sitagliptin, an antidiabetic agent and Moringa oleifera, a herb traditionally used in the management of T2DM is a real...

Abstract

Jatropha curcas seed oil is a known energy source in biodiesel which but for its toxicity, also has potential of being used as food and in the pharmaceutical / cosmetic industries. This study was designed to detoxify solvent and mechanically extracted J. curcas oils and to ascertain the effects of detoxification on acute and sub-acute toxicities as well as on analgesic and laxative activities in laboratory animals. Following determination of the physicochemical properties o...

ABSTRACT

Ciprofloxacin is a flouroquinololone antibiotic that is commonly prescribed empirically in Nigeria due to its broad spectrum of activity. However, the drug product is illegally handled by drug hawkers that allow the drug to be exposed to some environmental forces which may affect the drug quality and its pharmacokinetic profiles. This study is aimed at assessing pharmacokinetic profiles of exposed samples of ciprofloxacin marketed by hawkers in the three senatorial areas of...

ABSTRACT

The efficacy and toxicity of several drugs is circadian-rhythm dependent, and this can be exploited as a guide to ameliorate such drug toxicity. Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used in treatment of a variety of infections. Its use is however limited by its associated nephrotoxicity. This nephrotoxicity is ameliorated by reduction in dosing frequency to once a day dosing, use of antioxidants and exploration of circadian variation in gentamicin nephrotoxicity. Temp...

ABSTRACT

The efficacy and toxicity of several drugs is circadian-rhythm dependent, and this can be exploited as a guide to ameliorate such drug toxicity. Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used in treatment of a variety of infections. Its use is however limited by its associated nephrotoxicity. This nephrotoxicity is ameliorated by reduction in dosing frequency to once a day dosing, use of antioxidants and exploration of circadian variation in gentamicin nephrotoxicity. Temp...

ABSTRACT

‘Kanwa' is the local trade name for varieties of evaporites that are formed from evaporation and precipitation of minerals containing body of water. They are locally used extensively by the traditional healers, nomads and house wives of Northern Nigeria to treat diseases, as supplement to animal feeds and as additive to some foods and herbs concoctions. This research was aimed to document medicinal information through field survey in five selected local government...

ABSTRACT

Rickets is still a debilitating disease in various communities of Jankasa, Kaso and Gonin Gora in which about 3-7 percent of the population is affected. Genomic Deoxyribonucleic acid (gDNA) of parents and offspring were evaluated towards determining rickets hereditary link in the population. Four families from Jankasa, Kaso and two families from Gonin Gora composed of father, mother, child without rickets and child with rickets each were used for the study.

The DN...

ABSTRACT

The objective of the study was to develop an excipient consisting of cow bone powder and gelatin by the co-processing method and to evaluate its use in direct compression tablet formulation. Co-processing is based on the novel concept of two or more excipients interacting at the sub particle level, the objective of which is to provide a synergy of functionality improvement as well as masking the undesirable properties of individual excipients. Fresh cow femur and tibia bone...

ABSTRACT

Due to numerous problems associated with current treatment of trypanosomosis, there is increasing need to find effective drug against trypanosomosis ravaging sub-Saharan Africa from traditional medicinal herbs. This work is aimed at evaluating efficacy of stem-bark extracts of S. longepedunculata against T. brucei brucei infected Wistar rats. The in vitro study and drug incubation infectivity test were carried out in duplicates. One hundred microlitre of blood containing 30...

ABSTRACT

Cancers are abnormal cells growing uncontrollably at the same time to invade other body cells. Breast cancer is a malignant proliferation of the epithelia tissues / cells of the milk duct and lobules occurring in both men and women with high global deaths.

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the chemotherapeutic management of breast cancer patients who attended the Oncology and Radiotherapy clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital...

ABSTRACT

Asthma, which affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide, is an incurable health disorder of a major public health concern globally. The present orthodox therapy for asthma has several drawbacks including many undesirable side effects and high cost of management (especially challenging for low-income / developing countries). In a bid to develop a cheaper and better antiasthmatic agent with less side effects, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of aqueou...

ABSTRACT

The consequences of drug related problems from Primary Healthcare facilities in Kano are so huge that there is need to address these issues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the types and frequency of drug therapy problems (DTPs), identify patient risk factors to DTPs as well as assess the impact of pharmacists‘ intervention on the observed DTPs. A prospective study was carried out in two primary health care centers using outpatient prescriptions to identify the...

ABSTRACT

The goal of designing sustained release or controlled release delivery system is to reduce the frequency of dosing or to increase effectiveness of the drug by localization at the site of action, reducing the dose required or providing uniform drug delivery. Natural gums and polymers have been employed as excipients in modified release dosage forms. The objectives of this study were to extract and determine the percentage yield of Chrysophyllum albidum gum, perform physicoch...

ABSTRACT

Sorghum bicolor is an annual plant having its different parts widely used ethnomedicinally for different ailments, which includes blood stimulation and body defence. A number of clinical conditions like cancer, surgery, certain drugs, HIV/AIDS and various stressors affect different components of the immune system thereby allowing opportunistic pathogens to overwhelm the host leading to secondary infections and mortality in such individuals. This therefore shows a great need...

Abstract

Starch was extracted from the two varieties of millet (Pennisetum glaucum and Pennisetum americanum) by the wet extraction method, the percentage yield was determined. The physicochemical properties investigated includes: flow rate, angle of repose, carr’s index, tapped density, bulk density, moisture content, swelling capacity, particle size, solubility, iodine test, and hausner ratio. Granules were prepared by the wet granulation method of massing and screening usin...

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis is a chronic infection that still remains one of the major health problems in most developing countries. Poor treatment outcomes have serious consequences which include spread of the disease, morbidity and mortality. The world health organization (WHO) recommended minimum successful outcomes of 85%; this has not been achieved in most facilities rendering the services. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of Pharmacist Intervention on the treatment ou...

ABSTRACT

Hypertension is a major public health problem, which is growing in prevalence and poorly controlled worldwide. The prevalence is high in Nigeria and there is generally low level of awareness and practices of lifestyle and diet modification measures. The study was conducted from August 2016 to April 2017 to assess patient‘s knowledge, attitude and practices of lifestyle and diet at the University of Maiduguri teaching hospital (UMTH). Patients attending the cardiology...

ABSTRACT

Cassytha filiformis, a leafless and perennial vine with small scales as a replacement of the leavesis currently being used in the treatment of various disease conditions including jaundice without standardization.Microscopical evaluation, chromatographic analysis (TLC, HPLC, LC-MS/MS), spectroscopic analyses (NMR, FTIR, MS) and hepathoprotective studies were carried out with the view to scientifically verify the potentials of this plant used in traditional medicine. The res...

ABSTRACT

Parquetina nigrescens is a plant with numerous ethnomedicinal uses in African traditional medicine practice. In the South Western part of Nigeria, the stems and roots are roasted, powdered then mixed with pap taken as memory enhancer and for its antiaging effect. This study therefore, aimed to investigate the nootropic activity of the methanol stem extract of P. nigrescens. Phytochemical screening was carried out on the methanol extract and the median lethal dose (LD50) det...

ABSTRACT

The chemotherapy of African trypanosomiasis, a fatal protozoal disease of man and animals is beset with many problems including a limited repertoire of expensive compounds, drug toxicity and resistance and protracted treatment protocols. In order to improve chemotherapy, some natural and synthetic products were evaluated against African trypanosomiasis using in vitro and in vivo assays. Honey, extracts of Brassica oleracea and of frog and snakes (viper and cobra) skins were...

ABSTRACT

Acid hydrolyzed starch produces microcrystalline starch (MCS) with improved functional properties in terms of flowability or compressibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the binder, disintegrant and compressional properties of native and modified starches derived form of Digitaria iburua.

Digitaria iburua grains were collected and identified by the herbarium unit of Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Digitaria iburua st...

ABSTRACT

The aim of this work is to formulate crude turmeric powder into tablet form. The powder was produced from the turmeric rhizome. Physicochemical properties of the powder; angle of repose (AR), bulk density (BD), tapped density (TD), Hausner‟s ratio (HR), Carr‟s index (CI), true density, moisture content, and flow rate (FR) were evaluated. The particles size and morphology were determined using Scanning electron microscope and sieve analysis. The tablets were formulated using...

ABSTRACT

The aim of this research was to study the tableting properties of Solenostemon rotundifolius starch (SRS) and modified forms for use as pharmaceutical excipient by wet granulation method of tablet production in paracetamol formulation.

The physicochemical properties of native and modified starches were investigated and compared with Maize starch B.P. (MZS). Properties of granules and tablets formulated with various experimental starches and gelatin (GLT) tested as...

ABSTRACT

Sourcing of raw materials for use in pharmaceutical industries is a continuing challenge. Excipients, which form the bulk of a dosage form, are derived either from natural sources or synthesized wholly or semi-synthesized. The absence of an ideal excipient material continues to spur research towards identifying and developing excipients from various sources. One of such potential sources is sugar cane bagasse which is an abundant agricultural waste. This work, investigated...

ABSTRACT

Starch is a major carbohydrate, easily extractable from various sources like cassava, maize, potato etc which find wide application in various food and Pharmaceutical industries. There has been a lot of attempt to modify this highly flexible polymer with the aim of extending and enhancing its applications.

Native cassava starch (NCS) was extracted from the tubers of freshly harvested cassava. Enzyme- hydrolysed starch (EHS) was produced from Native cassava starch...

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to improve the dissolution rate, solubility and ultimately, bioavailability of poorly soluble artemether, an antimalarial drug, through inclusion complex formation with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin.

The solid complexes of artemether and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) were prepared at a molar ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 by kneading method. The effect of HP-β-CD on the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of artem...

Abstract

Ximenia americana is a plant used traditionally in northern parts of Nigeria for treatment of leprotic ulcers and mouth ulcers in addition to other medicinal uses. It contains flavanoids, saponins, tannins among others that has been reported to possess gastroprotective potentials. . The aim of this study is to evaluate the gastro-protective effects and establish the toxicity profile of the methanol stem back extract of Ximenia americana. The oral median lethal dose of the e...

ABSTRACT

This research aims to understand the role of aesthetics in the production of electronic newsletters. In this study, AUN’s weekly newsletter (AUNthisWEEK) was put under the microscope in an attempt to examine the effect some of its design features have on readers. Users are known to patronize that which the find appealing to any of their senses.

The persistent use of familiar design features is likely to bore readers and gradually diminish their numbers. To p...

ABSTRACT

The crude plant gum from African Acacia sieberiana was purified and investigated for use as a matrix excipient for chloroquine phosphate and metronidazole tablet formulations. The chromatographic analysis of the acid hydrolysed gum revealed the presence of rhamnose, galactose, ribose, xylose and fructose. The viscosity was found to increase with increase in concentration of the gum. Ten percent mucilage had pH of 5 and pH change has no effect on the viscosity of the mucilag...

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of Adansonia digitata mucilage (ADM), a hydrophilic plant polymeric material to prolong the release of Metoprolol tartarate (MPT) from matrix tablet formulations compared with semi -synthetic polymer-HPMC60SH4000 matrices. Phytochemical screening and physicochemical characterization of the extracted ADM was performed using standard and official procedures. Physicochemical tests such as simple (quantitative yield, aqueous...