Background of the study: The development of a nation brings an effective transformation of its socio-political, economic, cultural, technology and industrial bases. More so, within the particular conception of socio-economic processes which underscores every economic system, economic development, globally, resolves around the issues of the character, structure, pattern and evolution of desirable inter-personal relations of production, allocation and utilizati...

INTRODUCTION: The development of internal combustion engines resulted in a growth in the need for the consumption of fuel in the modern era. As the number of people who own cars has increased, there has been a corresponding rise in the need for gas stations. A gasoline station outlet that allows customers to buy fuel of different types for usage may be referred to as a filling station. Customers at filling stations include motorists, cyclists, industrial fuel-users, commercia...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: It is a well known fact today that electrical power supply is not reliable. All over the world, there is a significant electrical power supply interruption. Because of these electrical power supply interruption, many electrical  instruments have this developed problems or even stopped working entirely. Hence this crippled much business thereby affecting many countries economy as Nigeria. Also there is increase in occurrence of power supply d...

ABSTRACT: This project report is a thesis written specifically to cover the design analysis construction, test and packaging of a multipurpose security system from electric component that can be easily be obtainable from the market.

The report discusses the various unit and stages of the alarm system, thesis include:-

INTRODUCTION: Change over switch is a device used to switch off a power supply and subsequently switch on another power source. Basically it is aimed at switching on a more convenient power supply to the load. Since it switches on power to the load precaution has to be taken while choosing the type of change over switch. Also size, arcing control are put into consideration in the choice.

A good switch should be the one whose contact is made in such a way as to limit...

ABSTRACT: This is a technical report presented on the design and construction of an Automatic Phase Selector. In the construction work, an ordinary level knowledge of electronics principles are observed. We aimed at presenting a practical aspect of the subject and then providing the argument necessary for a thorough understanding. The reliability of the specimen was estimated after construction and testing to ensure steady state stability. The work is organized into five chap...

ABSTRACT: In the world today, the use of power supply in electronics equipment and gadgets has increased and it is still increasing.  These power supplies are not stable as required by these electronics. This arise the need for the power stabilization as to overcome this problem. This project handles this problem very well.  Some recommendations were also made on this topic and student and users of electronics equipment will find them useful.

Background of Study: Environmental, home and office security against intruders has become a thing of individual, national and international concern. The essence of this project is to provide a cost effective and more efficient security system in areas like homes, industries military etc. The application of this project will enhance effectiveness necessitating to security measures. It relevance, upgrades the conventional security system to automated system tha...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: Quiz buzzers are used often at places like educational institutions where it is required for game shows and also in live quiz competitions broadcasted via television. A quiz buzzer allows any user to press the switch quickly in response to a question posed during competitions that are conducted in schools and colleges (Amos, & James, 2021). The pressed switch gives a buzzing sound or alarm for some duration of time and the reaction time...

INTRODUCTION: Since the discovery of electrical energy for illumination, it is evident that human interaction is required to operate the switch, either off when not in use or ONM when needed. Because of this reason, as well as a lack of electricity supply, there has been a pressing need to develop a highly efficient and effective method of generating electricity for the purpose of illumination known as solar energy (Craig, 2016). According to Oke, Adigun, and Fenwa (2017...

Abstract. The awareness of usage of power and effective utilization of power is based on intelligent decision, which can help the user as well as supplier. In this paper the design and implementation of IOT based PV integrated system is presented. A hardware prototype is developed with PV module connected to boost converter, Arduino Uno controller, ESP 8266 Wi-Fi module, and Thing speak to monitor a real-time power. The Arduino Uno serves as the central...

ABSTRACT

In recent years, with the advancement of the national construction of smart grid and the development of power grid enterprise integration system, the traditional power data platform has some defect, such as insufficient scalability, repeated implementation of two sets of logic of off-line data warehouse and real-time data warehouse, highly correlated storage of data warehouse during computation, and difficulty in platform migration, which r...

ABSTRACT

This research work presents the Application of Cuckoo Search Algorithm for the simultaneous placement of distributed generation units and shunt capacitor banks in radial distribution networks. The approaches used in most literatures for determining the optimal allocation of DG units and Capacitor banks did not consider the simultaneous placement of multiple combinations of DG units and capacitor banks in order to obtain the best combination of optimal sizes and installed an...

ABSTRACT

Undoubtedly, the corporation has become one of the most powerful forces in twentieth century economies. It is both a method of property tenure and a means of organizing economic life. The corporation’s separation of ownership into component parts, control and beneficial ownership has brought into sharp focus the fundamental divergence between shareholder and management interests. With sole proprietorships, the owners are usually the same people who manage and operate...

ABSTRACT

The restructuring of the electrical power industry has given rise to a high degree of vibrancy and competitive market, which changed many features of the power industry. Energy resources become scarce, the cost of power generation increases, environmental concerns are raised, and an ever-increasing demand for electrical energy characterizes this now-altered scenario. In this perspective, Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) is necessitated. Strong heuristic techniques can go a long...

ABSTRACT

This research studied the effect of filler dimensions on some major properties of pineapple leaf fibre-reinforced polypropylene composites. In this study, composites of PALF/PP were produced, the PALF were extracted from pineapple leaves. This was achieved by adopting the mechanical scrapping method. The surface of the extra...

ABSTRACT

Signal fading and attenuation are key issues in optical transmission over long distances (usually >100km). For example, a transmission link with a length of more than 100 kilometers on fiber optic cable will experience significant packet loss, detectable dropouts, and fluctuating attenuation. In essence, this will result in an unreliable and unusable transmission link. From the input, the optical signal passes through an Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA). With a Wavele...

ABSTRACT

For reliable and efficient operation of power system, voltage level and reactive power flow along transmission lines has to be adequately regulated. To control reactive power flow over transmission lines and compensate for varying voltage drops, tap changing transformers are required. By altering the voltage magnitudes at the windings of the transformers through winding tap adjustment, reactive power flow can be controlled. The transformers can be off-loaded or on-line tap...

ABSTRACT

The control of voltage level has been identified as one of the most important operational needs for efficient and reliable operation of power system equipment. Due to the fact that both the utility and customer equipment are designed to operate at certain voltage ratings. Prolonged operation of the equipment at voltages outside the allowable range could adversely affect their performance and may cause forced outages. Therefore, voltage at terminals of all equipment in the s...

ABSTRACT

With advancement of technology things are becoming simpler and easier for us. Automatic systems are being preferred over manual system. The purpose of this project is to design and construct A GSM based home automation using AVR. Using GSM networks, in this project a home power control system has been proposed that will act as an embedded system which can monitor and control appliances and other devices locally using built-in input and output peripherals. The system has a d...

ABSTRACT

This project shows the construction of a microcontroller based security door using smart card. It is aimed towards programming the microcontroller to control the hardware in sliding door. The system consists of a microcontroller 89S52 which sends a signal to the multiplexers on insertion of the smart card in the card slot. The multiplexers consist of ICS which prompts for a display of the identity of the card user in the liquid crystal display (LCD). The LCD displays the st...

ABSTRACT

T-junction traffic light controller is such a device that will play a significant role in controlling traffic at junctions, to ease the expected increased rush at such junctions and reduce to minimum disorderliness that may arise, as well as allowing the pedestrians a right of the way at intervals rather than being struck down when in a hurry to cross the roads. Such an electrical system with a touch of electronics that control the flow of traffic in a pre-determined sequen...

ABSTRACT

Microcontroller based automate controller is a project design of a system that is used in operating a gate automatically. The system opens the gate automatically when a human being or car is about to enter a compound or exit a compound. The system works by sensing the light rays from the head lamp of the vehicle. The light ray is sensed and signal is used in operating the gate. Different blocks of circuit are put together to ensure that the system works perfectly as desired...

ABSTRACT

The project design and construction of an automatic water level controller is aimed at realizing a simple, portable cost effective system capable of controlling the water level in an overhead water tank. This project report details the construction processes employed in implementing the project design, step, techniques and approaches employed to see to the effective implementation of components and strict adherence to stipulated measurements to reduce the error coefficient...

ABSTRACT

Automatic water level controller for both overhead and underground tank is designed to monitor the level of water in a tank. It displays the level of water and when it is at the lowest level; a pump is activated automatically to refill the tank. When the tank is filled to its maximum capacity, the pump is automatically de-energized. Several circuits are put together to ensure proper working of this design, and the block diagram includes the supply unit, the micro-processor...

ABSTRACT

The project is based on Construction of microcontroller vehicle speed alarm system which automatically warns the driver by activating a panic alarm which is triggered on when the driver exceeds the speed limit set in the system which also stops the alarm when the speed is reduced below the set speed limit. A speedometer system is used to monitor the speed of the car. The voltage output of the speedometer system is used to set the time the alarm comes on. The other component...

ABSTRACT

Renewable energy has given institutions and individuals the opportunity to generate and manage their own energy consumption without much interference from power utility

companies. This dissertation focused on design and analysis of Grid – connected PV Renewable

Solar energy system for Igbinedion Crown estate Okada. Nigeria Solar Market study was

carried out to know the available grid PV components in Nigeria, their qualities, suitability,...

ABSTRACT

It has become inevitable that there would be communication and due to the inherent limitation of the human voice, the public address system came to being. A public address or “P.A SYSTEM” is an electronic amplification system with a mixer

,amplifier and loudspeakers, used to reinforce a given sound , e.g a person making a speech, pre-recorded music ,or message and distributing the sound throughout a venue . The voice signal is passed through a micropho...

ABSTRACT

The 200W solar system was determined by load assessment, solar panel number determination, battery requirement and then inverter sizing. A complete solar panel rated at 200w was however purchased, together with 2 no. 150A solar battery, 1500W inverter and also 10A charge controller. These were assembled together with necessary protective gadgets like cut out switches; to give the 200W expected. The solar panel was mounted outside the building to allow for maximum collection...

1.1BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Traditionally, high control in home and office environments takes place through switches (on/off), deals and sliders (dimmers) and sometimes motion sensors. These controls can be incorporated in the built environment such as walls, or attached to lights that people place themselves (desk lamps, bed side lights). This often leads to a jumble of controls each with their own location, interaction style, and focus.

This project is a demonstration of...

1.1THE BACKGROUND

Welding is a way of heating pieces of metal using electricity or a flame so that they melt and stick together. It can simply be defined as the process of joining two or more pieces of metal to make the act as a single piece. This is often done by melting the work pieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten material that cools to become a strong joint. Because of its strength, welding is used to join beams when constructing buildings, bridges and ot...

ABSTRACT

Cognitive radio (CR) has been suggested as the solution to spectrum scarcity due to the fixed allocation employed worldwide by regulatory bodies.A secondary usercan opportunistically access the licensed frequency bands without causing harmful interference to the licensed user. In order to avoid interference to a primary user signal,the CR has to be aware about the spectrum usage inthe geographic area in which it wants to operate. The process of spectrumsensing is a fundamen...

ABSTRACT

Cognitive radio (CR) has been suggested as the solution to spectrum scarcity due to the fixed allocation employed worldwide by regulatory bodies.A secondary usercan opportunistically access the licensed frequency bands without causing harmful interference to the licensed user. In order to avoid interference to a primary user signal,the CR has to be aware about the spectrum usage inthe geographic area in which it wants to operate. The process of spectrumsensing is a fundamen...

Background to the Study

The state of the economy and socio-economic well-being of any society is linked to the effectiveness of its education and the competencies of the work force. The effectiveness of any nation's labour force and skill development programme can be achieved when it is geared towards functional system of education such as technical, vocational education and training (TVET). This is because according to Samuel (2011), technical, vocational education and training...

ABSTRACT

In this dissertation a Clonal Selection Algorithm (CSA) based system that detected multiple instances of circles, quadrilaterals and triangles in an image scene was developed. CSA models how B-cell antibodies of the immune system protect the body from invading antigens. The developed system eliminated the need for separate implementations of the CSA for detecting the different shapes in an image. The implementation of the system was done using MATLAB 2015a, the edges and co...

ABSTRACT

Pilot Contamination (PC) has been considered as a majorlimiting factor of Time Division Duplexing (TDD) Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (M-MIMO) systems, as itsaturates the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) saturated. Similarly, several mitigation techniques such as Eigenvalue decomposition, cooperative Bayesian channel estimation, blind equalization technique, time staggering pilot, smart pilot assignment, etc. proposed in literature to address PC issue...

ABSTRACT

Power system network is designed to operate in a prescribed voltage and frequency for stability and for better power quality. Unexpected contingencies leads to instability related problems in the system. This research develops a sensitivity index based technique with contingency analysis for Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) placement for Nigeria 330kV power transmission system. The research employed Newton Raphson power flow method considering multiple contingency analy...

ABSTRACT

This work aimed at designing and implementation of Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) for power quality improvement through harmonic reduction. The current harmonics are being caused by nonlinear characteristic of power electronics based equipments which increase power losses and in turn reduce power quality. This work employed a three phase three wire shunt active power filter implemented by simulation in MATLAB/Simulink for harmonic reduction. Synchronous Reference Frame (S...

ABSTRACT

This research work presents the development of branch current based state estimation for Non- Technical Losses (NTLs) Detection and Localization. The use of weighted least square (WLS) state estimation for the evaluation of branch current of a network during theft is considered. In order to confirm the presence of theft in a network, current measurement value obtained from Distribution Transformer Controller (DTC) installed at substation was compared with that of all custom...

ABSTRACT

This research work presents a scheme that identifies line outage and generator outage using contigency analysis and effectively splits the network into a set of predefined islands, with a load shedding strategy to minimise the adverse effect of each outage and to ensure system security. In this research work, Newton Raphson power flow was used for the power flow analysis of the network. Also, Active Power Loading Perfomance Index was used during the contigency analysis to r...

ABSTRACT

This study shows how to monitor the movement of cattle using wireless sensor nodes powered by a renewable energy source capable of detecting location, and incorporated in it all the available mobile networks to ensure that information about cattle location gets to the base in real-time. Performance analysis was carried out on the energy consumption pattern of the nodes which indicated that throughout the monitoring period, the average energy consumed by the nodes was thus;...

ABSTRACT

Electricity demand forecasting is a central and integral process for planning periodical operations and facility expansion in the electricity sector. Demand pattern is very complex due to the highly unpredictable behavior of consumers load consumption. Therefore, finding an appropriate forecasting model for a specific electricity network at peak demand is not an easy task for the utilities and policymakers. Many load forecasting methods developed in the past decades were ch...

ABSTRACT

This research work presents development of Firefly algorithm (FA) and application of voltage stability index (VSI) for optimal planning of Distribution Generation (DG) in an unbalanced three- phase distribution network. The VSI was used to find the DG location while the FA was used for the DG sizing. The developed method was implemented on standard IEEE 37-bus Radial distribution network test system and a local 19-bus Mahuta feeder. The results obtained from the IEEE 37-bus...

ABSTRACT

Automated system of fish farming has become inevitable due to the immense importance of fisheries aquaculture. The efficiency of any fish rearing system depends on monitoring and control of pond water quality parameters as well as adequate feeding and a reliable power source. This work presents a fish pond monitoring and control system that improves on the efficiency of fish rearing. A sensor network consisting of temperature, pH, turbidity and water level sensors was used...

ABSTRACT

The generation of electric power using different fuel resources to meet load demand and losses while satisfying various constraints on the system involves high running cost (cost of fuel). Therefore, it requires electric utilities to minimize the cost of production of electric power by planning and dispatching generating units in an economic and efficient manner to meet the system demand. The aim of the proposed research is to develop an efficient unit commitment based econ...