Abstract

This study evaluates the adoption of election technologies and their impact on democratic transparency in Ghana’s 2020 and 2024 election cycles. Using a governance and electoral-systems framework, the study collected data from electoral commission reports, independent observer assessments, biometric voter verification records, and surveys involving 3,400 voters across five regions. The research investigates the reliability, public trust, and perceived transparency associated with technologies such as biometric voter registration (BVR), biometric verification devices (BVD), and digital transmission of results. Statistical analyses revealed that the BVR system significantly reduced duplicate voter registrations, while BVD usage decreased identity-related disputes by 37%. However, 14% of polling stations experienced BVD malfunctioning, contributing to delays and public frustration. Interviews with election officials and civil society organizations showed that digital results transmission improved the speed and accuracy of vote aggregation but raised concerns about cybersecurity vulnerabilities. Voter perception data indicated that 72% of respondents believed technology enhanced overall electoral transparency, though trust varied by political affiliation and prior exposure to digital systems. The study concludes that technology strengthened Ghana’s electoral integrity but requires stronger cybersecurity protocols, transparent audits, and public education campaigns to deepen democratic trust. Recommendations include capacity building for election officials, independent systems testing, and the establishment of an open-data portal for election results to promote transparency and citizen engagement.