Abstract

This study evaluates the effectiveness of community policing initiatives implemented in Uganda between 2015 and 2024. Using a nationwide comparative design, data were collected from police district records, community safety surveys (n = 5,600), and interviews with 75 police officers, local leaders, and community members. The study measured crime-rate trends, public trust, response times, and collaboration levels in districts actively implementing community policing versus those with minimal implementation. Results indicate that districts with robust community policing structures—characterized by regular dialogue meetings, neighborhood watch programs, and integrated crime-reporting systems—experienced a 31% reduction in petty crimes and a 19% reduction in violent crimes. Public surveys revealed increased trust in law-enforcement officers, with 68% of respondents reporting improved security engagement. However, challenges such as limited funding, inadequate training, logistical constraints, and occasional community–police mistrust hinder full effectiveness. Gender-based violence response units showed marked improvement in early detection and reporting but remained constrained by cultural stigmas and insufficient referral systems. The study also found that digital tools, including SMS-based reporting platforms and social-media alert channels, significantly enhanced crime-prevention outcomes. Policy recommendations include expanding police training in participatory security, strengthening accountability mechanisms, increasing logistical support, and scaling up community sensitization programs. The study concludes that community policing has significantly improved local security outcomes in Uganda but requires sustained institutional and community commitment for long-term impact.