Abstract

This study evaluates the effectiveness of public health communication strategies deployed during major disease outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) between 2016 and 2024, including Ebola, measles, and COVID-19. Using a multi-stage mixed-methods approach, data were collected from national health communication reports, community surveys (n = 4,900), interviews with 55 healthcare workers and communication officers, and content analysis of radio, television, and social-media messaging. The study assessed message clarity, trustworthiness, reach, and behavioral impact. Findings reveal that radio remained the most trusted medium, reaching 78% of surveyed households, while social media gained influence among urban youth. Communication interventions that integrated local languages, community leaders, and culturally adapted messages showed the highest compliance outcomes. Regression analysis indicated that trust in health institutions and exposure to repeated, consistent messaging were strong predictors of preventive-behavior adoption (p < 0.05). However, misinformation, low literacy levels, conflict-related mobility restrictions, and limited digital access undermined communication effectiveness. During the COVID-19 period, inconsistent messaging between national agencies and local authorities contributed to public confusion and resistance to health protocols. The study concludes that public health communication in the DRC improved significantly through community engagement but remains challenged by structural weaknesses and information gaps. Recommendations include strengthening risk-communication training, enhancing multi-platform coordination, expanding community health-worker networks, and establishing real-time digital misinformation monitoring systems. Overall, effective communication remains central to outbreak containment and public compliance.