Abstract

This study investigates recent trends in gender-based violence (GBV) and evaluates the effectiveness of Zambia’s policy interventions from 2016 to 2024. Using national police records, hospital case data, community-level surveys (n = 6,700), and 40 stakeholder interviews with policymakers, social workers, and survivors, the research maps prevalence patterns, risk factors, and institutional responses. Findings reveal a steady rise in reported GBV cases, particularly intimate partner violence, with rural districts experiencing disproportionate increases. Multivariate analysis identified socioeconomic stress, harmful cultural norms, alcohol abuse, and limited law-enforcement presence as major predictors of GBV incidence. Despite the enactment of the Anti-GBV Act and expansion of One-Stop Centers, gaps persist in case reporting, survivor support, and conviction rates. Only 32% of reported cases progressed to legal action due to evidence challenges, stigma, and inadequate investigative capacity. Community awareness campaigns led by NGOs improved reporting rates among young women, but men remained reluctant to seek help due to social stigma. The study also assessed the role of safe houses, digital reporting platforms, and school-based prevention programs, finding that localized interventions significantly reduced repeat violence. Policy recommendations emphasize expanding survivor-centered services, increasing police resources, integrating GBV education into school curricula, and strengthening community-driven prevention strategies. The research concludes that while progress has been made, Zambia requires a more integrated, multisectoral approach to effectively combat GBV.