An examination of the influence of age on phonological variation in Hausa language in Sokoto

An examination of the influence of age on phonological variation in Hausa language in Sokoto

Background of the study
Age is a critical factor influencing linguistic variation, and this study examines its impact on the phonological system of the Hausa language in Sokoto. Linguistic research has consistently shown that different age groups exhibit distinct speech patterns due to variations in exposure, socialization, and educational experiences (Bello, 2023). In Sokoto, where Hausa is both a lingua franca and a marker of cultural identity, phonological variation can reflect broader social changes. Older speakers may retain traditional phonological features, while younger generations might adopt new patterns influenced by media, urban migration, and contact with other languages (Abdullahi, 2024). This study explores these age-related phonological differences by conducting acoustic analyses and sociolinguistic interviews. The investigation focuses on features such as vowel quality, tonal precision, and intonation contours, aiming to determine the extent to which age contributes to phonological divergence. The research further considers the role of educational reforms and technological advancements in shaping these differences, providing insight into how language evolution is interwoven with generational change (Usman, 2025). The findings are expected to shed light on the dynamic interplay between age, tradition, and innovation in Hausa phonology.

Statement of the problem
While age-related phonological variation in Hausa is widely acknowledged, there is limited systematic research specifically focused on speakers in Sokoto. Observations suggest that younger speakers may exhibit notable deviations from traditional patterns, but empirical data on these variations remain sparse (Bello, 2023). The lack of detailed documentation poses challenges in understanding the mechanisms behind phonological change and the influence of generational shifts. Additionally, socio-economic factors and increased exposure to diverse linguistic influences further complicate the analysis of age-related differences. Addressing these gaps is crucial for developing targeted language preservation strategies and educational programs that respect traditional phonology while accommodating natural evolution (Abdullahi, 2024; Usman, 2025).

Objectives of the study:

1. To examine phonological variations in Hausa across different age groups in Sokoto.

2. To identify specific phonetic changes associated with younger speakers.

3. To analyze the socio-cultural factors influencing age-related phonological shifts.

Research questions:

1. How does age influence phonological variation in Hausa in Sokoto?

2. What are the specific phonetic differences between younger and older speakers?

3. How do socio-cultural factors mediate these phonological changes?

Research Hypotheses:

1. Younger speakers exhibit significant phonological deviations from older speakers.

2. Traditional phonological features are more prevalent among older speakers.

3. Socio-cultural influences, including media and education, contribute to age-related phonological shifts.

Significance of the study:
This study is significant as it offers insights into how age affects phonological variation in Hausa. The findings will help educators and language planners develop strategies that accommodate generational differences while preserving linguistic heritage (Bello, 2023; Usman, 2025).

Scope and limitations of the study:
The study is limited to examining the influence of age on phonological variation in the Hausa language in Sokoto. It focuses solely on age-related factors and does not extend to other social variables.

Definitions of terms:

1. Phonological Variation: Differences in sound patterns across speakers.

2. Age Groups: Distinct cohorts defined by age demographics.

3. Hausa: A Chadic language widely spoken in Northern Nigeria.